In The Eight Fold Path Of Yoga Meditation Is The Eighth Step (Smith, 1

In the eight fold path of yoga meditation is the eighth step (Smith, 11). Once here a Yogi must become more aware and more sensitive to what is within themselves (?Meditation?). ?A Yogi must first lose themselves here to find peace with themselves? (Smith, 11). The armor that a person has built around themselves throughout their lives must be lost and they have to see themselves clearly (Smith, 19). Meditation begins with concentration (?Meditation?). In concentration meditation a Yogi must focus all their energy onto one thing. ?Such as an object (a candle flame), a sensation (something felt while walking), or an emotion (love)? (?Chakras and Meditation?). At first it might be hard to keep mind focused on one object. A person must train themselves to concentrate. Narrow the mind on to one category of objects. Then focus onto one of the objects. When the mind begins to wonder, go to another object in the category. When it becomes easy to focus on one object for a long time then a Yogi is ready to move on to concentrate on one single object (Lidell, 94). Chakra meditation falls under concentration meditation. There are seven major chakras along the spin. They start at the base of the spine and go up to the top of the head. The seven major chakras are connected by three major nadies. Sushumna, the middle nadi, has neutral characteristics. Nearest your left hand is the ida nadi. It has yin characteristics. The third nearest your right hand is pingala nadi. It has yang qualities (?Chakras and Meditation?). Through these nadis the chakras are connected and energy passes from one to another. Each chakra is said to be an energy transformer (?Chakras and Meditation?). When a chakra is activated or meditated on, it releases a unique type of energy. This energy is measurable and immeasurable. The measurable energy is electromagnetic energy and light photons. The immeasurable energy is called prana. ?Prana is the vital, essential energy of the universe? (Smith, 231-233). The chakras are the centers in the body were this energy is activated and stored (Smith, 231-233). For the chakras to be activated properly it depends on the sitting position. During meditation a Yogi should sit Indian style, with their legs crossed. One heel should be in front of the pelvis bone and the other in front of the first heel. The knees spread as far apart as possible and rested on the floor. This sitting position will provide a stable base. The neck and spine will be straight. Breathing will also be easier because the chest cavity is open. This will also help with concentrating and will promote clearer thinking (Smith, 224-225). Chakra meditation is very simple and easy to do. A yogi simply concentrates on each chakra starting with the root chakra traveling up the shushumna and activating the next higher chakra (?Chakra and Meditation?). It may take weeks or months to move from one chakra to the next. It is a very long process. The seven main chakras are muladhara, swadishthana, manipura, anahata, vishuddha, ajnal and sahasrara. ?The chakras are located along the ethereal counterpart of the spinal cord and cannot be seen through normal vision? (Smith, 231-233). To bring the body to a state of rest a Yogi must focus their attention to the processes of breathing, the heartbeat, and the flow of electromagnetic energy. Then the prana will begin to move up the Sushumna awakening the higher chakras. This awakening must start with the first chakra muladhara. This is the root or base chakra. It is located at the base of the spine (?Chakras and Meditation?). Each chakra is thought of as a lotus flower that has a color and a number of petals. This chakra is a yellow lotus with four petals. The main element of this chakra is the earth and survival (Lidell, 71). This chakra deals with the survival of one's self. The Yogi should think of physical survival mainly, food, shelter, and the need for self preservation. When meditating one should be totally away from the rest of the world. At this level everything is solid and concrete. At this level viewing is that ?...each person is an individual who must look out for himself" (Smith, 233). At this level of reality a Yogi must achieve success on the material plain. It's not possible to go any further until food, clothing, shelter and transportation have all been taken care of (Smith, 233). After all of this has been

Loose Ethics in US Congress

Loose Ethics in US Congress Free Online Research Papers In today’s United States Congress the loose interpretation of the rules is a major problem. Since some of the guidelines have room for interpretation members have gone against the common practices in order to get the votes needed for legislation. In November 2003, a bill on prescription drug coverage for Medicare may be one of the best examples of this loose interpretation of the rules. It has been common practice since 1973 when electronic voting began to hold votes open for fifteen minutes, though votes have been left open for a few minutes after the norm to accommodate members who were delayed to the floor (Mann Ornstein, 2006). In November 2003 the vote was left open for two hours and fifty-two minutes. Members both republican and democrat where outraged. If this could be allowed all the normal practices of the house have been thrown out. The new way would consist of allowing votes to remain open in order for the majority to gain the votes needed to pass legislation. Also , during this vote, a member of Health and Human services was allowed on the floor to twist arms and lobby. This display violated a long standing tradition of the House, in which the floor is off limits to outsiders. The senate has also showed a decline in the normal procedures, the filibuster, which was normally used only in times in which it had been limited to matters of great national importance , has became common practice by the minority party . They use the filibuster in order to raise the bar to sixty votes instead of fifty when a filibuster threat was raised (Mann Ornstein, 2006). Instead of using the unlimited debate that is allowed in the Senate to power in bipartisanship and good for the general interest of the people, the rules have been bent to further party interest. The barrage of uncommon and loose rule bending practices threatens to taint the integrity of the United States Congress and the welfare of the United States citizens. The congress was set up in a way that would allow for our representatives to constructively make the right choices and changes for our country and if not follow in order to further party or personal gains. Due to the loosening of the rules it has caused a breakdown in the framework of our government. Research Papers on Loose Ethics in US CongressQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesOpen Architechture a white paper

Five Police Convicted Of Murder in Thailand Research Paper

Five Police Convicted Of Murder in Thailand - Research Paper Example The police arrested the teenager mainly because of thieving a motorcycle. By hearing this news, the family members visited the police station and endeavoured to talk with Kiettisak. However, with this attempt, after certain days, the mutilated body of the teenager was found in the neighbouring province of the police station. In this particular situation, the family members of the teenager launched a campaign to investigate the above discussed matter with validated responses. It is worth mentioning in this regard that due to the initiative taken by the family members of the teenager in the form of launching campaign against the case, the court finally reached its verdict (Asian Human Rights Commission, 2012). The article provided valuable and relevant information about the justice system, which is currently prevailing in Thailand, can be gained. In this similar context, based on the article, it can be ascertained that the existing criminal justice system in Thailand represents the absence of jury system in the nation and the police are mainly overburdened with varied legal activities. This can be justified with reference to the article where the police officers were held responsible to investigate the matter, but the final verdict was viewed to be provided by the Criminal Court (Asian Human Rights Commission, 2012). Apart from this, it has been quite apparent from the article that it is quite possible to file any sort of criminal charge privately in Thailand, wherein cases are not essentially referred to a public prosecutor. This exactly happened in the case of murdering the teenager wherein his family members made deliberate efforts in filing the criminal case in the form of conducting campaigns to investigate the case and reach into a final verdict (Asian Human Rights Commission, 2012). Â  

Program Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program Planning - Assignment Example Most single parents are as a result of teenagers who bore children at an early age of below 20years and it is evident that such infants may suffer as compared to those borne by women of a higher age of around 30 years (Baldwin et al., 2009). Teenagers are not yet ready to commit to bearing their children and raising them in the best way since they have some other pleasures of life to enjoy. It is during this time that they would want to practice some vices being done by their fellow youths e.g. smoking and alcohol intake which affect the babies they are carrying. In fact some teenagers who get pregnant do not attend prenatal care because they would not like it to be known by their parents and friends that they are pregnant. Therefore, in efforts to boost the health of infants born year by year, the community health activist should enforce campaigns to reduce teenage births (Baldwin et al., 2009). Child bearing past the teenage is essential because the prospective mothers will have completed school and will know the importance of attending prenatal clinics even before planning to get pregnant. Such parents will also have no fear of it being known that they are pregnant since most of them will be legally married and working hence no financial constraints. This can reduce the cost incurred by taxpayers in US who raise around 7 billion dollars per year to support malnourished infants. Since teenage births lead to birth of children in marriages that mostly end up in divorce, its discouragement will enhance only married or mature people giving birth hence such infants will not suffer psychological torture. The reason as to why there are large numbers of infants born of poor health hence dying is because most of them are raised by single parents who probably bore them in their teen age. Such parents may have avoided attending antenatal health services that educate people on maintaining good health for the good of both

Hooters Of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hooters Of America - Essay Example (Hooters of America, Franchise Disclosure Document, 2010). Therefore, their beginning can be traced back to 1984 with a different name while their functionality under the name of â€Å"Hooters of America† can be traced back to 1989. â€Å"Hooters of America† is mainly concerned with the business of running Hooters Restaurants. However, it has many affiliates, which run different kinds of businesses under the title of â€Å"Hooters† such as Naturally Fresh, Inc., Super Sports Merchandisers, Inc., Super Sports Marketing, Inc., Hooters National Advertising Fund, Inc., Hooters Magazine, Inc., Hooters Racing, Inc., Hooters Sports News, Inc., Hooters Sports Productions, Inc. and National Golf Association, Inc. (Hooters of America, Franchise Disclosure Document, 2010). There are varieties of eatables served at Hooters Restaurants and there are certain unique characteristics that make Hooters Restaurants different from other dining spots. â€Å"Hooters of America† offers franchises for the institutionalization of its restaurants and its services under the name of â€Å"Hooters of America† (Hooters of America, Franchise Disclosure Document, 2010). It is a public traded company. As far as the expanded business of the company is concerned, â€Å"Hooters of America† is a large networked corporation with many affiliates. Their head office is in Georgia. All the affiliates of the company are also located in Georgia (Hooters of America, Franchise Disclosure Document, 2010). The company has license to operate in the whole United States of America and also outside the States. The company provides franchises for restaurants (Hooters of America, Franchise Disclosure Document, 2010). The franchises of â€Å"Hooters of America† are spread in the whole United States due to which, it can be easily stated that the business network of the company is widely expanded. The company,

User Behavior Mining in Software as a Service Environment

User Behavior Mining in Software as a Service Environment Abstract—Software as a Service (SaaS) provides software application vendors a Web based delivery model to serve large number of clients with multi-tenancy based infrastructure and application sharing architecture. With the growing of the SaaS business, data mining in the environment becomes achallenging area. In this paper, we suggest a new metric along with a few existing metrics for customer analysis in a Software as a Service environment. Keywords: Software as a Service, SaaS, Customer Behavior analysis, Data mining in SaaS Environment I. Introduction With the rapid development of Internet Technology and the application software usage, SaaS (Software as a Service) as a complete innovative model of software application delivery model is attracting more and more customers to use SaaS for reducing the software purchase and maintenance costs as it can provide on-demand application software, and the users can adjust the functions provided by services to meet changes in demand. SaaS is gaining speed with the considerable increase in the number of vendors moving into this space[1]. The SaaS model is different from a regular website model. In a regular website model, users of the software directly interact with the software application. But in the case of a SaaS model, users interact with the application through the service provider. The difference between a regular website model and a SaaS model can be shown in figure 1. Figure: 1 II. Motivation Software as a Service (SaaS) is being adopted by more and more software application vendors and enterprises [2].SaaS is beneficial for the customers in such a way that, a customer can unsubscribe from the services whenever he wants which makes it a challenge to manage customer relationships. One of the characteristics of the SaaS business model is that one SaaS service needs to serve a large number of customers, among which considerable portion are customers for whom services are offered on trial basis. As there is competition in the market, both trial and paying customers may move their business to another service provider based on their requirements. It is essential for a service provider to retain the customers from migrating to another service provider. Previous studies show that a small increase in retention rate would lead to a considerable increment in the new present value of the customers. To withstand the competition in the market, a service provider should satisfy the cust omers by understanding their current behavior and predicting their next move like if they are having any problems in using the services, how much are the customers satisfied based on the seriousness and activeness of the customers. III. Related Works A lot of work has been done in the area of analyzing the customers’ behavior on website model. Various methodologies are stated by various authors on various processes in mining the web. In [3] Sindhu P Menon and Nagaratna P Hegde, analyzed the views and methodologies stated by various authors on various processes in web mining. In [4] R. Suguna and D. Sharmila listed out work done by various authors in the web usage mining area. In [5] the authors Jiehui Ju. Et.al, gives a quick survey on SaaS. It covers key technologies in SaaS, difference between Application Software Provider and Software as a Service Provider, SaaS architecture and SaaS maturity model and the advantages that SaaS offers to small businesses. In [6], the authors Espadas et. al, presents the analysis of the impart of a set of requirements and proposes guidelines to be applied for application deployment in Software as a Service (SaaS) Environment. In [7], the authors Ning Duan, et. al, proposed an algorithm and two metrics which work with the collaboration among the users of a customer in a Software as a Service environment. IV. Problem Definition In a SaaS Environment, an effective relationship with the customer depends on how much the status of each customer is understood. In order to understand the status of a customer, it is necessary to study the behavior of ehte customer form time to time. It is necessary to predict the customers’ seriousness and activeness in using the service. This prediction may help the service providers in improving their business strategies. In a business to customer website model, the mining is done based on selected metrics like visit frequency, average depth, average stay time etc. In the case of SaaS model, there is another level of users who actually use the service. So, regular user behavior metrics may not yield accurate results in the case of SaaS model. If individual customer’s user’s behavior is studied, then the difference between the customers may be identified. A lot of research is done on user behavior analysis in regular website model but those methods used for user behavior analysis may not guarantee accurate predictions. So an extra parameter or metric is to be considered. As in the SaaS model, a tenant is the direct customer of the service provider and the actual users of the service are the users of the customers, one way to study the behavior of the customers may be by summing up the individual user’s metrics of a customer to evaluate the customer’s behavior. But this way ignore the individual differences of the behaviors of the users of a customer. In addition to these regular web usage mining metrics if collaboration among the users is also considered in the analysis of customer behavior, it may yield better results than just using the regular metrics. But previous works done in user behavior analysis in SaaS uses only collaboration metrics in the analysis which ignores almost half of the analysis data. The experiment done aims at using collaboration metrics along with another metric which works with the data not considered in the collaboration metric calculation so that all the available data is considered in user behavior prediction. V. Experiment The experiment is done in two phases, namely Data Collection Phase and Data Processing Phase. In the Data collection phase, the necessary data (like server log files, transaction history, etc) are collected. In the second phase i.e. in Data Processing phase, the actual analysis takes place. This phase is further divided into individual modules like preprocessing, pattern discovery, and pattern analysis. Preprocessing is a process of refining the sever log data and transaction history removing noise in data (if any) and populating database for further use in next modules. It includes data cleaning, user identification, session identification, transaction identification. Pattern Discovery is the process of discovering the usage patterns from the cleaned raw log data. As in this experiment, it is not regular usage patterns that are to be considered, collaboration patterns are to be considered. Regular usage patterns are the sequences of activities that are performed by the users individually. But, collaboration patterns are those that are performed by users by interaction. Collaboration patterns are not the transaction patterns rather they are the patterns of users that collaborate to perform a transaction. Definition of Collaboration: Collaboration is defined to happen when different users of a customer work on the same business object during a certain period of time. For example, in a Human Resource management SaaS service, the vacation request is submitted by a regular employee user of a customer and then is approved/rejected by manager user of the same customer. Here two users of a customer are involved in the process of granting a leave. This is called collaboration. After the raw data is cleansed, the data used for collaboration discovery may contain details of the transactions performed by the users of any tenant with tenant id(tid), user id (uid), transaction id (transaction_id) (may also be called business object id), date, time, service id (sid). In this table more than one user may be involved in the completing of a transaction. Algorithm: Collaboration User Set Identification Input: Table 1 that consists of the transaction details Output: Collaboration_Table with collaboration transaction details Initially Collaboration_Table is empty Get first record from Table 1 Insert details into Collaboration_Table While end of table 1 not reached Get next record from table 1 Search for transaction_id in collaboration_Table If found, update collaboration user set and no_of_users Else Add details to collaboration_table as new record Table 1: Sample table showing the contents of Table 1 Table 2: Sample Collaboration Table Pattern analysis plays vital role in the experiment. This module deals with the behavior analysis based on the collaboration patterns extracted above. From [7], there are two type of collaboration. They are random collaboration and repeated collaboration by certain group of users. The first type of collaboration can indicate the activeness of the customer no matter which users are involved in the collaboration process. It can be called as Active Collaboration Index (ACI). The second type of collaboration can be described by the usage patterns among the users of a customer. It can be called Patterned Collaboration Index (PCI). A high ACI value tells that a customer is actively using the SaaS service and if such a customer is still a trial customer, it probably shall be the high priority target to get it converted into paying customer. A high PCI value tells that a tenant is seriously using the SaaS service with relatively strong loyalty, cross-selling or up-selling opportunity can be explored for such a customer. The formula to calculate ACI and PCI are as follows The AppCNorm is the normalizing factor indicating collaboration characteristic of SaaS service. While some SaaS service are rich with collaborations and others may not be. In order to balance the difference among different SaaS services, this normalization factor is employed. Where Pni denotes the collaboration pattern i of customer n, N is the total number of customers, and m is the total number of patterns in customer n. supp(pni) is the support value of pattern Pni, and len(Pni) is the length of the pattern. These collaboration metrics works only with the collaboration data and neglects the remaining data which is almost half of the data. Hence another metric can be added along with the above metrics which considers the non-collaboration transactions. As the new metric is for non-collaboration transactions of a tenant, it can be called Average Usage Index (AUI). This can be calculated using the formula This AUI increases the accuracy of prediction of activeness of the customer along with ACI. VI. RESULTS For this experiment, the data created is for 100 customers of a Software as a Service provider who is providing 6 different components of an application as different services. Among these 100 customers, first 50 are taken as paid customers and the other 50 are taken as trial customers. Table 3: Summary of transactions Table 4: Sample pattern list Table 5: Sample Calculated Metrics From the above calculated values, we can observe that though T0 is a paid customer, less ACI and PCI values indicate that this customer is not using the services to the full and hence revenue generated from this particular customer is not appreciable. Rather, this customer may be planning to unsubscribe from the service and hence is an important target for the service provider to retain the customer. In the case of T45, it has high ACI value, high AUI value indicating active usage of the services and high PCI indicating that this customer is completely migrating his business onto the SaaS service generating the service provider more revenue. Among the sample trial calculated values, customer T50 is active and serious and hence, there is a high probability for this customer to convert into paid customer. On the other hand, customer T89 is not very active and is not serious indicating that he may be facing technical difficulties in using the services and hence should be helped with or is thinking to unsubscribe from the services. Table 6: Summary of Calculated metrics From the above table, for any tenant to be considered active in using the services, minimum ACI and AUI values needed are 1 and 1 respectively and minimum PCI value needed is 2. VII. Conclusion The metrics ACI and PCI are introduced in previous works done by Ning Daun, et. al in [7] which works with collaboration data and leaving the non collaboration data. In our work, a new metric is introduced AUI which considers the non collaboration data also in customer behavior analysis. Still further, frequent pattern analysis can be applied on this non collaboration data to get usage patterns and so the analysis can be further improved. VIII. References [1] Wei Sun, Xing Zhang, Chang Jie Gou, Pei Sun, Hui Su, IBM China Research Lab, Beiing 100094, â€Å"Software as a Service: Configuration and Customization Perspective† IEEE Congress on Services Part II, IEEE 2008. [2] E. Knorr, â€Å" Software as a Service: The Next Big Thing†, http://www. infoworld.com/article/06/03/20/76103_12FEsaas_1.html† [3] Sindhu P Menon, Nagaratna P Hegde, â€Å"Requisite for Web Usage Mining – A Survey†, Special Issue of International Journal of Computer Science Informatics: 2231-5292, Vol-II, Issue-1, 2, pp. 209-215. [4] R. Suguna, D. Sharmila â€Å"An Overview of Web Usage Mining†, International Conference of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Vol. 39, No, 13, February 2012, pp. 11 – 13. [5] Jiehui, et. al, â€Å"Research on Key Technologu=ies in SaaS†, International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Cognitive Informatics, 2010, pp. 384-387. [6] Espadas et. al, â€Å"Application Development over Software-as-a-Service platforms†, The Third International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, 2008, pp. 87-104. [7] Ning Duan, et. al, â€Å"Tenant Behavior analysis in Software as a Service Environment†: Service Operations, Logistics and Informatics (SOLI), 2011 IEEE International Conference, pp 132-137, July 2011.

The Use of Soma to Shape and Control Society in Huxleys Brave New Worl

The Use of Soma to Shape and Control Society in Huxley's Brave New World The future of the world is a place of thriving commerce and stability. Safety and happiness are at an all-time high, and no one suffers from depression or any other mental disorders. There are no more wars, as peace and harmony spread to almost every corner of the world. There is no sickness, and people are predestined to be happy and content in their social class. But if anything wrong accidentally occurs, there is a simple solution to the problem, which is soma. The use of soma totally shapes and controls the utopian society described in Huxley's novel Brave New World as well as symbolize Huxley's society as a whole. This pleasure drug is the answer to all of life's little mishaps and also serves as an escape as well as entertainment. The people of this futuristic society use it in every aspect of their lives and depend on it for very many reasons. Although this drug appears to be an escape on the surface, soma is truly a control device used by the government to keep everyone ensla ved in set positions. In the utopian society Huxley creates, everything is artificial. The future of the world depends merely on a handful of directors, and everyone else is simply created as a pawn to maintain this futuristic economy. One of the ten world controllers in the "Brave New World" portrayed in the novel is Mustapha Mond. Mustapha is a driving force behind the utopian society that keeps everyone happy, yet empty inside at the same time. In fact, Mustahpa Mond has been interpreted to mean "the chosen one," for he is like a God to the people (McGiveron 29). People are created in laboratories such as the "Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre," where peo... ... through life without ever truly having to face reality or make logical decisions. Soma symbolizes and shapes many parts of society and is arguably the main symbol in Huxley's satirical masterpiece. The truth is that this utopian society is synthetic and massed produced like soma, and society is cowardly while soma is a crutch to humanity. Works Cited Clareson, Thomas. "The Classic: Aldous Huxley's 'Brave New World.'" Extrapolation. 3.1 (1961): 33-40. Hoffman, Nicholas. "Huxley Vindicated." The Spectator 249.8036 (1982): 8-9. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: HarperPerennial, 1989. Jog, D.V. Aldous Huxley The Novelist. India: Book Centre, 1979. McGiveron, Rafeeq. "Huxley's 'Brave New World.'" Explicator 57.1 (1998): 27-30. Meerloo, Joost. "How Will Man Behave?" The New York Times Book Review. New York, 1958: 22-23.

Case Digest Aglipay vs Ruiz

Facts: In May 1936, the Director of Posts announced in the dailies of Manila that he would order the issuance of postage stamps commemorating the celebration in the City of Manila of the 33rd International Eucharistic Congress, organized by the Roman Catholic Church. The petitioner, Mons. Gregorio Aglipay, Supreme Head of the Philippine Independent Church, in the fulfillment of what he considers to be a civic duty, requested Vicente Sotto, Esq. member of the Philippine Bar, to denounce the matter to the President of the Philippines. In spite of the protest of the petitioner’s attorney, the Director of Posts publicly announced having sent to the United States the designs of the postage for printing. The said stamps were actually issued and sold though the greater part thereof remained unsold. The further sale of the stamps was sought to be prevented by the petitioner.Issue: Whether the issuance of the postage stamps was in violation of the Constitution. Held: Religious freedom as a constitutional mandate is not inhibition of profound reverence for religion and is not a denial of its influence in human affairs. Religion as a profession of faith to an active power that binds and elevates man to his Creator is recognized. And, in so far as it instills into the minds the purest principles of morality, its influence is deeply felt and highly appreciated.When the Filipino people, in the preamble of their Constitution, implored â€Å"the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody their ideals, conserve and develop the patrimony of the nation, promote the general welfare, and secure to themselves and their posterity the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, liberty and democracy,† they thereby manifested their intense religious nature and placed unfaltering reliance upon Him who guides the destinies of men and nations.The elevating influence of religion in human society is recognized here as elsewhere. Act 4052 contemplates no religious purpose in view. What it gives the Director of Posts is the discretionary power to determine when the issuance of special postage stamps would be â€Å"advantageous to the Government. † Of course, the phrase â€Å"advantageous to the Government† does not authorize the violation of the Constitution; i. e. o appropriate, use or apply of public money or property for the use, benefit or support of a particular sect or church. In the case at bar, the issuance of the postage stamps was not inspired by any sectarian feeling to favor a particular church or religious denominations. The stamps were not issued and sold for the benefit of the Roman Catholic Church, nor were money derived from the sale of the stamps given to that church.The purpose of the issuing of the stamps was to take advantage of an event considered of international importance to give publicity to the Philippines and its people and attract more tourists to the country. Thus, ins tead of showing a Catholic chalice, the stamp contained a map of the Philippines, the location of the City of Manila, and an inscription that reads â€Å"Seat XXXIII International Eucharistic Congress, Feb. 3-7, 1937. † The Supreme Court denied the petition for a writ of prohibition, without pronouncement as to costs.

The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan

The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan Abstract The bilateral relations between the UAE and Japan have been important for the sustained development of both countries. In particular, these states have established economic cooperation involving the exchange of natural resources and technologies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, they have common foreign policy interests such as the elimination of nuclear threats and preservation of maritime security. These countries can differ profoundly in terms of their culture or political system, but these differences do not undermine their cooperation. Overall, these countries perceive each other as strategic partners, and the situation is not like to change in the near future because Japan and the UAE have been able to resolve several important disputes such as the question related to the taxation of businesses. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely because it is important for understanding the relations between these states. Introduction This paper is aimed at examining the bilateral relations between the United Arab Emirates and Japan. In particular, one should pay close attention to the economic aspects of their cooperation because it strengthens the ties between these states. Additionally, one should examine the political aspects of their relations. Furthermore, it is critical to examine the similarities and differences in the foreign policy since this issue is important for understanding how these countries interact with one another. Overall, it is possible to argue that each of these states is interested in fostering this partnership since it contributes to the sustained development of their economies. Admittedly, these states are not strongly dependent on one another, but they value their cooperation and try to promote it by reaching agreements that can fos ter the work of various businesses. These are the main questions that should be examined in greater detail. This discussion can be useful for studying the relations between Asian countries and their counterparts from the Middle East. Economic partnership One should mention that Japan established the diplomatic relations with the UAE in 1971 at the time, when the country proclaimed its independence (Lenze 145). The partnership between these states has been critical for their economic development. Much attention should be paid to the trade between the two states.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, the UAE provides oil and natural gas which are important for the functioning of the Japanese economy as well as infrastructure. In particular, the UAE provided 25 percent of Japanese oil supplies (Nusrat). In turn, the UAE government attaches import ance to Japan as a buyer because approximately 40 percent of the oil produced in this country is sold to Japan. The government of Japan strives to maintain productive relations with various suppliers of natural resources, and the UAE is one of the most important ones. In turn, Japanese companies offer vehicles and various electronic devices. Moreover, they bring technologies that are used by various UAE enterprises. One should keep in mind that in 2012, the trade between the two countries equaled $53.9 billion. In particular, UAE imports to Japan were worth $43.9 billion while Japanese exports amounted $8.96 billion (Nusrat). Furthermore, one should mention that the amount of Japanese investment has increased dramatically during the period between 2005 and 2012 (Nusrat). In 2005, Japanese investments in the UAE economy equaled only 19 million, but seven years later, they constituted 364 million (Nusrat). These are some of the main trends should be taken into consideration. Additiona lly, both countries are the members of the World Trade Organization. Thus, one can say that there are relatively few economic barriers that may hinder trade. While discussing the economic cooperation, one should also mention, that the two countries have established closed educational partnership. For example, Tokyo University established its research centers in Abu Dhabi (Vijayan 368). The functioning of these centers is critical for the preparation of more effective labor force and adoption of technologies that increase the productivity of businesses. To a great extent, this educational cooperation is critical for the technological modernization of the UAE economy. For example, one can speak about the adoption of renewable energy (â€Å"Co-chairmanship of two Japanese ministers in the 5th IRENA Assembly†). One can argue that the relationship between these countries have been mutually profitable. Moreover, in the future, this trend is not likely to reverse itself. It should b e mentioned that these states have recently been able to reach an agreement regarding he taxation (â€Å"UAE, Japan sign treaty on taxation†). The main goal of this agreement is to eliminate double taxation which creates significant challenges for businesses working at the international level. This step can be important for fostering bilateral cooperation between the two states.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the future, Japanese businesses and UAE regulators will have fewer reasons for entering into conflicts with one another. This is one of the details that can be distinguished.  One should keep in mind that Japan is interested in the preservation of peace in the Middle East because such events can disrupt oil supplies in the country (Miyagi 102). This is why the government of Japan is opposed to such an or ganization as Islamic State (Fackler 15). In turn, the UAE wants to attract investors and businesses that have made considerable achievements in various sectors of economy, especially those ones requiring the use of sophisticated technologies. In the long term, such partnership has been important for the strengthening of the UAE economy. It is possible to say that the economic benefits received by the two countries can be regarded as the main driver of their continued relationship. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. Political regimes of the two countries Admittedly, much attention should be paid to internal differences. It is important to mention that these countries differ in terms of political regimes. For example, Japan can be described as the constitutional monarchy with a well-developed parliamentary system. In turn, the government of the UAE has the elements of both absolute and federal monarchies (Stewart 155). It should be mentioned that the UAE can b e regarded as the federation of monarchies. Furthermore, the policies of separates emirates can differ considerable. Thus, foreign companies may need to follow different sets of regulation. This comparison has been included in order to highlight the idea these two countries have been able to overcome these significant differences. It is importantly that the diplomats accept that idea that the UAE and Japan differ in terms of their political culture. However, they do not lay much stress on these differences. This is one of the issues that one should take into account while examining the interactions between these states. Foreign policy It should be mentioned that there are significant similarities in the foreign policy of the two countries. These countries play a critical role in the regions that they represent. Additionally, one should point out that the governments of both countries attach the importance of nuclear disarmament.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This policy can be partly explained by the fact that both countries have to face the threats of nuclear war that can be posed by such countries as North Korea and Iran. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Apart from that, both countries lay stress on maritime security. This policy is also critical for the preservation of trade in the region. Apart from that, both countries recognize the need to minimize the threats that can be poses by the terrorist organization Islamic State. Some of Japanese citizens have already been affected by this terrorist group (Yoshida). The government of the UAE also recognizes the dangers posed by Islamic State. Therefore, it is possible to argue that these countries common geopolitical goals. These objectives can be important for minimizing potential conflicts or disputes between these states. Admittedly, there is the risk of potential conflicts which can be explained by the differences in their foreign policy. One should mentio n that Japanese government has traditionally provided support to American foreign policies, especially those ones related to the Middle East. In turn, the UAE tries to act as an independent player in this region. It is possible that at a certain point, this difference can undermine the bilateral relations of Japan with the UAE. This is one of the risks that should not be overlooked. However, researchers note that Asian countries have been able to settle potential disputes with the states representing the Middle East (Eberling 65). Yet. as it has been noted before these states have a strong economic interest that will shape the decisions of the governments. Importance of these relations for both countries It is possible to say that the relations with the UAE have been critical for Japan because this country provides natural resources that are important for the functioning of the Japanese economy. Moreover, the UAE creates additional demand for the products manufactured in Japan. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. In turn, the government of the UAE attaches importance to the partnership with Japan because the interactions with the country can be important for the economic diversification (Gorgenl 21). In particular, one should speak about the intention of this country to become less dependent on the exportation of oil. This is one of the overarching goals that have to be attained in the near future. Additionally, one should bear in mind since the early seventies, Japanese companies have acted as important investors in the Middle East. To some degree, they spurred the development of various industries in the UAE. This is why the UAE focuses on the cooperation with Japanese governmental institutions and private businesses. It is rather difficult to say that these states are strongly dependent on one another. This assumption would be rather inaccurate. However, each of these states values these bilateral relations. Conclusion On the whole, this d iscussion indicates Japan and the UAE have established close relations and productive relations with one another. Although, these countries differ dramatically in terms of culture or religion, they have been able to achieve results that have been benefited each of the parties. There has been no cause for considerable disputes between the two countries. Furthermore, the governments of both states have identified those areas of cooperation that are critical for both partners. In particular, one should speak about the supply of natural resources, transfer of technologies, foreign direct investment and so forth. Therefore, the ties between Japan and UAE will not weaken in the near future. These are the main details that can be singled out. â€Å"Co-chairmanship of two Japanese ministers in the 5th IRENA Assembly,† UAE-emb.  2015. Web. uae.emb-japan.go.jp/bilateralrelations.htm. Nusrat, Ali. â€Å"Building Bridges Between Japan And The UAE.† Gulf Business 14  March 201 4. Web. http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/03/building-bridges-japan-uae/#.VNpUDiyWlCg. Eberling, George. Future Oil Demands of China, India, and Japan: Policy Scenarios  and Implications, New York: Lexington Books, 2014. Print. Fackler, Martin. â€Å"Departing From Japan’s Pacifism, Shinzo Abe Vows Revenge for  Killings.† The New York Times, 1 Feb. 2015: 15. Print. Gorgen, Victor. A Strategic Analysis of the Construction Industry in the United Arab  Emirates: Opportunities and Threats in the Construction Business, New York: Diplomica Verlag, 2011. Print. Lenze, Nele. Converging Regions: Global Perspectives on Asia and the Middle East,  New York: Ashgate Publishing, 2014. Print. Miyagi, Yukiko. Japans Middle East Security Policy: Theory and Cases, New York:  Routledge, 2013. Print. Stewart, Dona. The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural  Perspectives, New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. â€Å"UAE, Japan sign treaty on taxation.† Gulf News. com. 17 Oct. 2012. Web. http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/uae-japan-sign-treaty-on-taxation-1.1090608 . Vijayan, Sugumaran. Application of Agents and Intelligent Information Technologies,  New York: Idea Group Inc. Yoshida, Reiji. â€Å"Islamic State threatens to kill two Japanese hostages.† The Japan  Times 20 Jan. 2020. Web. japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/01/20/national/islamic-state-threatens-kill-two-japanese-hostages/#.VNjESSyWkuM.

Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Methodology The focus of the proposed study is on patients suffering from head injuries and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, (CTE). Case control methodology is appropriate for this study.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To enhance efficiency, the case control methodology must assume a retrospective approach. This is because the proposed study involves examination of the existing cases of head injuries in the sampled population. The study will sample the general population and the patients within the outpatient departments of public hospitals. The case groups and the control groups are important. This is because they form the basis for assessments and comparisons (Sim Wright, 2002). The principle aim for this methodology is to determine the exposure risk of CTE associated with head injuries. Basically, the proposed study involves the comparison of the incidences of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This must be done between the patients suffering from head injuries and the healthy individuals. Two groups are prominent in the proposed methodology. This includes the case group and the control group. Notably, the methodology requires a considerable time to attain desired results (Sim Wright, 2002). Generally, the proposed methodology is appropriate for the study.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Participants Both the case and control groups will be enrolled in the research. This explains why the proposed investigation is a case control study. The basic implication is that an empirically supported inclusion and exclusion criteria have to be adopted. The cases include those participants who have previously suffered head injuries. On the other hand, the control group shall comprise other patients without any history of head injuries. This participant combination forms a perfect case control set. The location of the proposed study has to be within selected public hospitals. Moreover, purposive sampling of all the participants within the selected hospitals is preferred. The process must also observe the ethical and legal provisions for research. For instance, issues of informed consent have to be adequately addressed (Walker Shostak, 2010). Purposive sampling helps to draw a representative sample. The sample size shall be calculated using the Fischer’s formulae. This is because the representative sample is projected to be less than ten thousand. Generally, this study will involve a highly constricted sample size. This is because the proposed study is retrospective and requires follow up for the enrolled participants. Thus, it is intensive and very costly within larger sample sizes. Research Design A combined approach for data collection is appropriate for the proposed study. In this approach, qualitative as well as quantitative strategies are applied during data collection process.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To enhance the process of triangulation, active clinical checkups and diagnosis are also necessary (Walker Shostak, 2010). This is because the researcher is able to detect the new cases of CTE amongst the enrolled participants. Qualitative and quantitative data management techniques shall be used in the study. Qualitative data analysis mainly entails discussions. However, quantitative data analysis involves the use of sophisticated data management tools such as SPSS. Additionally, it involves the use of bar graphs, pie charts, and basic statistical inferences. Instrumentation and Data Collection Plans Qualitative data gathering to be used in the proposed study entail the use of key i nformant interviews, focus groups and personal observations. Quantitative approaches involve the active administration of assessment tools such as semi structured questionnaires (Keilegom Wilson, 2011). Because the proposed study is a case control, person-to-person data collection is appropriate. This will automatically rules out the possibility of a mailed survey. Based on this projected sample, the participants shall report to the study sites. Consequently, the researcher shall conduct clinical monitoring, personal interviews, observations and focus groups during the reporting junctures. Proposed Analysis of the Data The results gotten from the proposed sample shall be varied. However, this depends on the inclination or objective of the data analysis (Fairclough, 2010). Results indicating the correlation between head injuries and occurrence of CTE are critical.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, factors that influence the occurrence of CTE amongst those with head injuries are also expected. Additionally, issues about the efficiency of the clinical management strategies in head injuries are likely to emanate. Determination and analysis of responses must be conducted through diverse mechanisms. For instance, similar causative factors linked to the occurrence of CTE must be grouped statistically. Analytically, such processes require sophisticated data management tools. Correlation and regression analysis include some of the statistical tools applicable in the proposed study (Keilegom Wilson, 2011). The proposed results will have significant implications on the rest of population. For instance, certain revelations might dispel existing beliefs. There are different variables that the researcher may include in the proposed study. The likelihood of occurrence of CTE and the incidences of head injuries are some of the variables. Observably, a correlation of the depend ent and independent variable may be drawn from the two outlined examples. â€Å"The occurrence or presence of head injury† remains as one of the crucial independent variable in the proposed study. Alternatively, â€Å"the occurrence of CTE† includes another vital dependent variable. Therefore, it can be stated that the occurrence of CTE depends on the presence of head injury amongst the participants in the proposed study. A more comprehensive and empirical decision making criteria must be used in the proposed study. In this context, various statistical inferences will have a critical role. Comparison of the confidence intervals of various correlating factors will influence most decisions and assumptions in the proposed study. This is appropriate for all correlating factors (Sim Wright, 2002). This process entails the application of statistical distribution tables in determining the confidence intervals. Advanced computer software for data management must be used to en hance the high level of data processing. Basically, this computer software must be applicable in the computation of various statistical inferences and associations. The SPSS program is most preferred for purposes of data analysis in the proposed study. Validity and reliability measurements are critical for all empirical investigations. Application of content validity ensures that an appropriate and representative sample size is utilized. In addition, criterion validity measurement when applied in the proposed study will help to test the precision of definite measures. Construct validity may preferably be used in the proposed study to confirm whether the variables measure the proposed constructs (Fairclough, 2010). For purposes of objectivity and reliance, measurements on the reliability of factors within a study are vital. In the proposed study, there are several measurement methodologies that might be applied for reliability. The determination and testing of reliability may automat ically occur when certain results are gotten. In such scenarios, these results must be tested for both internal and external consistency. There are other various applicable methodologies in measuring reliability. The proposed study might involve the use of inter-observer or test-retests as strategies for measuring reliability. These processes are important because they improve the quality of data. References Fairclough, D. (2010). Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials. New York, NY: CRC Press. Keilegom, I. Wilson, W. (2011). Exploring research frontiers in contemporary statistics and econometrics: A festschrift for LeÃŒ opold Simar. Berlin: Springer/Physica-Verlag. Sim, J. Wright, C. (2002). Research in health care: Concepts, designs and methods. Cheltenham: N. Thornes. Walker, A. Shostak, J. (2010). Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example The health care system, just like other institutions, has to respond to the various and increasing demands to the industry. Nursing, being an integral part of the health sector, has to establish an approach that will bring the institution forward in the 21st century, since there are many challenges that nursing face. Some of which are â€Å"new roles, new technology, financial constraints, and greater emphasis on participation, cultural diversity and education† (Curtis, de Vries and Sheerin, 2011, p. 2006). In this regard, effective leadership, in nursing in particular and health care service in general, has been given ample consideration as one of the primary strategies that can appropriately respond to the changes and challenges of the 21st century (Greenfield, 2007; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008). It is recognised that an effective leadership in nursing is crucial in providing high quality health care services to the patient and efficient and professional discharge of nursing functions (Curtis et al., 2011; Shirrey, 2009; Tregunno et al., 2008). However, it has been observed that there are limited literatures pertinent to nursing leadership, especially, if it is compared with nursing management which has been the focus of discourses (Curtis et al, 2011; Stanley, 2008). In this situation, this research will look into some of the theories in leadership and on some of the issues that it may raise in practise settings. The aim of the study is to provide a comparative analysis of contemporary theories of leadership in order to ascertain which among the theories may appropriately fit into the unique structure and demands of nursing (Jackson et al., 2009). This is significant because by identifying the suitable type of leadership for nursing, high quality nursing care service is secu red, job satisfaction is increased, and in whole there is a positive effect in the patient, among the nurses and the organisation as a whole (Curtis et al., 2011; Shirrey, 2009;Tregunno et al., 2008). For the study, the researcher will be discussing transactional leadership, transformational leadership and the servant leader. These have been chosen because these three theories are primarily humanists and holistic in approach (Heisler and Carter, 2010), which in turn, has a close affinity to the nature of nursing (Jackson et al., 2009). This decision does not discount the fact that other leadership theories, such as democratic leadership, strategic leadership, and others, may also be used. Nonetheless, the decision to focus only transactional, transformational and servant-leader acts not only as limitation for this research, but also supports the notion that these three theories of leadership are more congruent with the nature of nursing (Jackson et al., 2009). The research will be h aving the following structure. The first part is consists of the comparative analysis of the transactional leadership, transformational leadership and servant-leadership, while, the second part will be dealing with the reflective account. In the end, it is hope of the researcher that this analysis may further nursing leadership. Leadership and Nursing: An Intricate Relation The idea of leadership often evokes the notion of power, authority, dynamism, vigour, charisma, personalities, organisation and other similar concepts. These various connotations have contributed to the wealth of definition that is attached to leadership. Some define leadership as â€Å"a stream of evolving interrelationships in which leaders are continuously evoking motivational responses from followers and modifying their behaviour as they meet responsiveness or resistance, in a ceaseless process of flow and counter flow†

In-Depth Audience Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In-Depth Audience Analysis - Research Paper Example Alexandria is situated in the suburbs of the capital city of the country; it is in a very strategic place to receive the best concentration of goods band other quality services that will grow the economy in the community of Virginia. The stakeholders and the persons abiding in the society of Virginia are one of the highest profile ranked employees of the national government. Therefore the town will grow and have a high income due to the value of goods and other high income drawers in the society (Howell, 2011). Therefore the infrastructure in the area is excellent because it is very strategic from the Washington DC the capital of the United States of America. The state’s major favors are also targeted to the society such as the major governmental offices are situated in the area of Alexandria. The government offices are like the Trademark office that was transferred to Alexandria. This shows that Alexandria from the views of stakeholders and audience should be of appraisal to the federal government over the major favors to the community. Question Two – Analysis of the Community Stakeholders and Audience The demographics of Alexandria in the Northern Virginia represent it to be not a very populated society due to the standards of living of the inhabitants of the persons living in that community. The persons who abide in the society of Alexandria are highly ranked persons in the government of the USA and the most inhabitants are personnel from the defense department including the naval center for analysis. The geographical position of the Alexandria society is very strategic in such a manner that it can receive major governmental offices by the government of the United States of America. The short distance the society of Alexandria is from the capital city of the country gives it more advantage to get more favors from the federal government. This gives the society the high economic value according to the good business position of the society (Howell , 2011). Therefore the society of Alexandria is a very strategic state in terms of economy due to the nearness to the business center of the country of America. The lifestyles that are exhibited by the residents of Alexandria are much higher of admirable opportunities by the other persons in all other societies around the country (Smith, 2009). This is because the society is endowed with high rank restaurants and products that are of high caliber persons in the society. This will make the attitudes of the inhabitants of the Alexandria society and their lifestyle that is very high. This is facilitated by the nearness of the society to the capital of the country USA where the state gets a variety of favors from the federal government of the United States of America. On the social scene of the society of Alexandria that is in the Northern Virginia the persons who live in this area must have very improved social standards due to the improved social gathering areas that are endowed by th e society of Alexandria. It is a tourist attraction area and has very improved restaurants. The usergraphics of the Alexandria society are of major importance so as to define the regions of domain of the society that is to be occupied by the inhabitants of the society (Smith, 2009). The webographics are incorporated in the communication and the technological position of t